Theory of Change Thinking in Practice
A stepwise approach
Change emerges as a result of the simultaneous push and pull of multiple political, cultural and social forces involving many individuals and entities. Social change processes are complex and characterised by non-linear feedback loops: our own actions interact with those of others and a myriad of influencing factors. This triggers reactions that cannot be foreseen and makes outcomes of change interventions unpredictable. Given these uncertainties, how can we plan strategically and sensibly? How can social change initiatives move forward in emerging change processes in a flexible way, while remaining focused on the goal?
- This guide has evolved from experimentation with and learning about theory of change thinking and its use in practice, which started in 2007.
- The approach presented here has been developed over time in a series of workshops with Hivos staff, partner organisations and consultants in all regions where Hivos is active. These guidelines have benefited greatly from the feedback of participants.
This guide aims to support Hivos staff in applying a ToC approach as intended and set out in Hivos' policy brief: ‘Hivos and Theory of Change'. A theory of change approach can be used for different purposes, by different users, and at different moments in the cycle of developing, monitoring, reviewing or evaluating a programme or strategy.
- Part A introduces theory of change and Hivos' perspective on ToC thinking: what it is, what you should know before you start, and key features of ToC thinking that you need to understand in order to be able to use the approach effectively and reap the benefits of the process.
- Part B is a stepwise approach to guide you through the process of developing a ToC for different purposes. Here you will find also information on how to use specific tools recommended for each step.
- Part C contains references to tools suggested in Part B, as well as resources and sites where you can find more information about ToC use.
This guide does not elaborate on how to facilitate the process of developing a ToC. You will find some (links to) resources related to facilitation. (Excerpt from Introduction, pp. 7-8)